It all began with slavery. The way in which slave owners controlled the minds of those who weren't free was insidious and long-lasting. Even though laws have been passed stating that "all are equal," "slaves are free," and "free speech is for all," these laws have never applied to the population that was already incarcerated in their minds due to slavery.

The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution was supposed to change that. It abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. But this exception has been used to continue the oppression of Black people in America.